Installation and Configuration. This page details as much information as possible regarding the. Apache. module. This page does not cover installation of binary. Apache configuration will. When this page refers to "Unix", it generally means any of the. Unix or Unix- like platforms (such as Linux, *BSD, Solaris. AIX, HP/UX, etc).
Step 1: Configuration. There are two general mechanisms for installing mod_dav into. Apache installation. ![]() The first method is to create a. The second. method is to statically link mod_dav into the Apache. Based on the method you choose, use one of the following. Of course, you should use the path to your system's apxs. Apache build directory. Note: if you use just - -with- apxs (no. How to install or remove (uninstall) Apache on CentOS, Red Hat and Fedora. | Cool-Linux.com. APXS installation. If the configure process reports this, then. PHP folks. It explains the problem quite. The configuration process will do its stuff. One of its. tasks is to locate the Expat library (an XML parsing. This library is included with Apache 1. If you have a previous version. Apache 1. 3 (it must be at least Apache 1. If. it can't find it, then you will need to tell configure where. For example. ./configure - -with- apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs. If you need Expat, then please see. Expat and how it must installed on your system. Step 2: Build and Install. This is pretty simple. Just use the following two commands. Dynamic loading. If you chose to do a dynamically- loaded module using. APXS, then your module will have been installed into. Apache's runtime area. Note: if using APXS and your Apache installation does. APXS will terminate. ![]() Typically, we have seen the following. Break: Command failed with rc=1. If this happens, then you will need to rebuild and. Apache software with the. Note the. reinstall part - - we've seen several cases. Apache was built and installed, but a new. APXS was not (so the problems. PHP has a. entry about this problem that may help. Static linking. If you chose to go with statically linking mod_dav into. Apache, then mod_dav will have been partially compiled. Apache tree during the make. You are now ready to. Apache. When you configure. Apache, there are two methods that you can choose. For. the APACI- style (./configure style), use. For the old- style configuration, add the following line. Configuration. tmpl file. Shared. Module modules/dav/libdav. Step 3: Configure Apache. See the Apache configuration section. Step 1: Expat installation. Expat must be installed first. See. the Expat section. To build mod_dav using Microsoft Visual C++, simply issue. This builds an optimized version of mod_dav, located in. Release/mod_dav. dll. Microsoft Visual Studio 5. Step 3: Install. For mod_dav installation, copy the following three files. Release/mod_dav. dll. Apache modules are located. Server. Root). If you use a precompiled binary. DLLs are in the Server. Root. To add mod_dav to Apache, add the following line to the. Load. Module dav_module mod_dav. Step 4: Configure Apache. See the Apache configuration section. See the note on. upgrading from 0. Loading the DAV Module. Apache must be informed about the mod_dav module through the. Addmodule and. Load. Module. directives. Load. Module is used when mod_dav. APXS or you're on the. Win. 32 platform). These configuration lines are (normally). Unix platforms (by APXS or the. Apache build process), but the Win. Apache does. not recognize the mod_dav directives such as DAV. DAVLock. DB, then you. Unix platform, dynamic loading. Loadmodule dav_module libexec/libdav. Addmodule mod_dav. Unix platform, statically linked. Addmodule mod_dav. Win. 32 platform. Loadmodule dav_module mod_dav. Addmodule mod_dav. Configuring the mod_dav module is quite simple, actually. Within. a < Directory> or. Location> directive in your Apache. If the DAV directive is within a. Directory> directive, then DAV will be. For a < Location> directive. DAV will be enabled for that portion of the URL namespace. The Lock Database. Next, add a DAVLock. DB directive at the top- level of. Directory> or < Location>. This directive should specify a filename. The directory should exist and should. Note: the directory should not be on an. NFS- mounted partition. Some operating systems cannot use these operations. NFS- mounted partition. In the following example, the DAV lock database will be stored. The file's. name will be DAVLock when mod_dav needs to create. DAVLock. DB /usr/local/apache/var/DAVLock. The DAVLock. DB directive can appear outside of any. Virtual. Host> , it only. Lock Timeout Minimums. An optional directive, DAVMin. Timeout, specifies the. If a client requests a. DAVMin. Timeout, then the. DAVMin. Timeout value will be used and returned. For example, Microsoft's Web Folders defaults to a lock. The DAVMin. Timeout directive is optional, and may. It. takes a single, non- negative integer. Since this value. The default value for. DAVMin. Timeout is zero. A PROPFIND request with a. Depth: & nbsp. Infinity header can impose a large. These kinds of requests could "walk" the. To prevent these kinds of requests, the. DAVDepth. Infinity directive has been provided. It is. a simple on/off directive, which can be used on a per- server or. The default value for this. NOTE: the Web. DAV Working Group has stated that. DAV servers to refuse these kinds of. Properly written client software should not issue. XML request bodies into memory. It would be a. very effective "Denial of Service" attach to send a large. Apache defines a directive. Limit. Request. Body which will limit. Unfortunately. this is not an effective mechanism for a mod_dav server since. PUT operations should be allowed. To limit just the methods that have an XML request body, mod_dav. Limit. XMLRequest. Body directive. The. Setting the value to zero (0) will disable the. Limit. XMLRequest. Body may be set on a per- server or a. Sample Configuration. A sample configuration segment might look like. DAVLock. DB /usr/local/apache/var/DAVLock. DAVMin. Timeout 6. Location /mypages> DAV On< /Location>.. Limiting DAV Access to Authorized Users. The DAV and DAVLock. DB directives are. DAV. server. However, it is usually best to secure the site to be. This requires the use of the. Limit> directive. Here is an example. Location /mypages> DAV On< Limit PUT POST DELETE PROPFIND PROPPATCH MKCOL COPY MOVE LOCK UNLOCK> Require user greg< /Limit> < /Location>. The above configuration will allow only authorized users to. However, it does allow them a bit more. In particular, they may be able to. The server may have already. Also, you may want to disallow other. DAV- enabled directory - - CGI, symbolic links. Here is a modified configuration with. Location /mypages> DAV On. Allow. Override None. Options None< Limit PUT POST DELETE PROPFIND PROPPATCH MKCOL COPY MOVE LOCK UNLOCK> Require user greg< /Limit> < /Location>. Using Limit. Except. Rather than using the < Limit> directive and. HTTP methods to secure, it is. Limit. Except>. This directive applies the access restrictions to all. For example. your configuration section might look like. Location /mypages> DAV On. Allow. Override None. Options None< Limit. Except GET HEAD OPTIONS> require user webadmin< /Limit. Except> < /Location>. Choosing to use one or the other is a matter of preference. The. < Limit> directive is precise and explicit. Limit. Except> directive will. PROPFIND Security. In the example configurations above, the PROPFIND method was. This is because the. PROPFIND method can be used to list all the files in the. DAV- enabled directory. For security purposes, you probably want. An alternative would be to limit the PROPFIND to a group of. This. scenario allows, say, your company's employees to browse the. Anonymous (non- authenticated) visitors cannot browse or. Finally, you can simply omit PROPFIND from the limits if your. This allows anybody to arbitrarily browse the directories. Other Security Issues. Please refer to the. DAV and. mod_dav in particular. Previous versions did not contain a DAVLock. DB. directive. You will need to add that for mod_dav to operate. The following discussion uses Unix as an. Win. 32 platform will have similar concerns when used. NTFS partition (where file/directory security is present). The need for read/write access means that the owner and. For. discussion, let's say that your Apache configuration file. User nobody. Group www. Alias /pages /home/www/davhome< Location /pages> DAV On< /Location>. In the above configuration, the web server is running as. A directory listing. Jul 1. 4 1. 1: 2. Oct 2. 5 1. 7: 0. Oct 1. 1 0. 1: 3.
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Flash Video - Wikipedia. Flash Video. Filename extension. Internet media typevideo/x- flv, video/mp. Developed by. Adobe Systems (originally developed by Macromedia)Type of format. Prores For Adobe Media Encoder Mac CrackMedia container. Container for. Audio, video, text, data. Extended from. FLV: SWFF4. V: MPEG- 4 Part 1. Brorsoft Video Converter is the versatile Video encoding/re-encoding app that lets you convert any regular formats like MP4, MOV, AVI, WMV, MKV, FLV, 3GP, VOB and. Mac OS-X. MediaReactor's primary plugins under OS-X are Autodesk's Flame, Flint and Lustre direct API, Apple's QuickTime layer and Adobe's import and export plugins. 昨年末に大幅なアップデートが行われたAdobe CCの動画編集ツール。200以上もの機能が強化された Adobe CCのビデオ製品は2013年. ![]() Flash Video is a container file format used to deliver digital video content (e. TV shows, movies, etc.) over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player version 6 and newer. Flash Video content may also be embedded within SWF files. There are two different video file formats known as Flash Video: FLV and F4. V. The audio and video data within FLV files are encoded in the same manner as they are within SWF files. The F4. V file format is based on the ISO base media file format and is starting with Flash Player 9 update 3.[1][2] Both formats are supported in Adobe Flash Player and developed by Adobe Systems. FLV was originally developed by Macromedia. In the early 2. 00. Flash Video used to be the de facto standard for web- based streaming video (over RTMP). Notable users of it include Hulu, VEVO, Yahoo! Video, metacafe, Reuters. Flash Video FLV files usually contain material encoded with codecs following the Sorenson Spark or VP6video compression formats. The most recent public releases of Flash Player (collaboration between Adobe Systems and Main. Concept) also support H. HE- AAC audio.[3] All of these compression formats are restricted by patents. Flash Video is viewable on most operating systems via the Adobe Flash Player and web browserplugin or one of several third- party programs. Apple's i. OS devices, along with almost all other mobile devices, do not support the Flash Player plugin and so require other delivery methods such as provided by the Adobe Flash Media Server.[4]History[edit]Support for video in SWF file format was added in Flash Player 6, released in 2. In 2. 00. 3, Flash Player 7 added direct support for FLV file format. Because of restrictions in the FLV file format, Adobe Systems has created in 2. ISO base media file format (MPEG- 4 Part 1. Flash Player does not check the extension of the file, but rather looks inside the file to detect which format it is.[5][6] The new file formats are completely different from the older FLV file format. For example, F4. V does not support Screen video, Sorenson Spark, VP6 video compression formats and ADPCM, Nellymoser audio compression formats.[1][6] Authors of Flash Player strongly encourage everyone to embrace the new standard file format F4. V (ISO base media file format). There are functional limits with the FLV structure when streaming H. AAC which could not be overcome without a redesign of the file format. This is one reason why Adobe Systems is moving away from the traditional FLV file structure.[6] Initial format since 2. Flash Video, file suffix is . MIME derived Internet media type of video/x- flv. Extended from 2. 00. ISO base media file format, Adobe branded file suffix is . MIME derived Internet media type of video/mp. Apple file suffix of . Adobe branded file suffixes exist for . Adobe Access DRM scheme with . MIME derived Internet media type of audio/mp. SWF files published for Flash Player 6 and later versions are able to exchange audio, video, and data over RTMP connections with the Adobe Flash Media Server. One way to feed data to Flash Media Server is from files in the FLV file format. Starting with SWF files created for Flash Player 7, Flash Player can play FLV file format directly (MIME type video/x- flv). Starting with SWF files created for Flash Player 9 Update 3, Flash Player can also play the new F4. V file format.[1]Support for audio and video compression formats in Flash Player and in Flash Video[1][7][8][9]Flash Player version. Released. File format. Video compression formats. Audio compression formats. SWFSorenson Spark, Screen video. MP3, ADPCM, Nellymoser. SWF, FLVSorenson Spark, Screen video. MP3, ADPCM, Nellymoser. SWF, FLVOn. 2 VP6, Sorenson Spark, Screen video, Screen video 2. MP3, ADPCM, Nellymoser. SWF, FLVOn. 2 VP6, Sorenson Spark, Screen video, Screen video 2, H. MP3, ADPCM, Nellymoser, AAC[*]SWF, F4. V, ISO base media file format. H. 2. 64. AAC, MP3. SWF, FLVOn. 2 VP6, Sorenson Spark, Screen video, Screen video 2, H. MP3, ADPCM, Nellymoser, Speex, AAC[*]SWF, F4. V, ISO base media file format. H. 2. 64. AAC, MP3 Use of the H. AAC compression formats in the FLV file format has some limitations and authors of Flash Player strongly encourage everyone to embrace the new standard F4. V file format.[6]Encoding[edit]Commonly, Flash Video FLV files contain video bit streams which are a proprietary variant of the H. Sorenson Spark (Four. CC FLV1).[1. 1][1. Sorenson Spark is an older codec for FLV files but it is also a widely available and compatible one, because it was the first video codec supported in Flash Player.[1. It is the required video compression format for Flash Player 6 and 7.[1. Flash Player 8 and newer revisions also support the playback of On. True. Motion VP6 video bit streams (Four. CC VP6. F or FLV4). On. 2 VP6 is the preferred video compression format for use with Flash Player 8 and higher.[7][1. On. 2 VP6 can provide a higher visual quality than Sorenson Spark, especially when using lower bit rates. On the other hand, it is computationally more complex and therefore will not run as well on certain older system configurations.[1. The Flash Video FLV file format supports two versions of a so- called 'screenshare' (Screen video) codec which is an encoding format designed for screencasts. Both these formats are bitmap tile based, can be lossy by reducing color depths and are compressed using zlib. The second version is only playable in Flash Player 8 and newer. Audio in Flash Video files is usually encoded as MP3. However, audio in Flash Video FLV files recorded from the user's microphone use the proprietary Nellymoser Asao Codec.[8] (Flash Player 1. Speex codec.[1. 7]) FLV files also support uncompressed audio or ADPCM format audio. Recent versions of Flash Player 9 support AAC (HE- AAC/AACSBR, AAC Main Profile, and AAC- LC). Support for encoding Flash Video files is provided by an encoding tool included with Adobe's Flash Professional and Creative Suite products, On. Flix encoding tools, Sorenson Squeeze, FFmpeg and other third party tools. Media type support[edit]Supported media types in both the Flash Video and ISO base media file formats: [1]Supported media types in just the Flash Video file format: [1]General video. RGB (supported by same type code SWF uses)run- length (supported by same type code SWF uses)Sorenson's H. Flash Video)On. 2 True. Motion VP6 with and without alpha channel (added to Flash Video)Animated video are the zlib based Screen 1 and 2 (native to SWF). General audio are PCM and ADPCM (native to SWF). Vocal audio. Nellymoser's Asao @ 1. Hz (native to SWF)a- law and μ- law (native to SWF)Speex (added to FLV)Timed text requires Action. Script specific commands for loading captioning, which is only supported by external text files in either JSON or W3. CXML formats. Supported media types in just the ISO base media file format: [1]Animated video are Quick. Time types for GIF, PNG and JPEG, which replace the Screen 1 and 2 encodings. Timed text requires Action. Script specific commands for loading captions embedded as either EIA- 6. Quick. Time mac based styled text with the 3. GPP derived version that supports Unicode. FLV converters[edit]An FLV converter is a type of video conversion software that is used for turning videos from different formats into FLV. Below is a list of popular free video converters which support conversion to FLV. These programs run under Microsoft Windows. Hand. Brake, FFmpeg and VLC also run under Mac OS X and Linux. Flash Video Structure[edit]FLV files start with a standard header which is shown below: [1. Field. Data Type. Default. Details. Signaturebyte[3]“FLV”Always “FLV”Versionuint. Only 0x. 01 is valid. Flagsuint. 8 bitmask. Bitmask: 0x. 04 is audio, 0x. Header Sizeuint. 32_be. Used to skip a newer expanded header. Packets[edit]After the header, the file is split into packets called "FLV tags", which have 1. The first four bytes denote the size of the previous packet/tag (including the header), and aid in seeking backward. Field. Data Type. Default. Details. Size of previous packetuint. For first packet set to NULLPacket Typeuint. For first packet set to AMF Metadata. Payload Sizeuint. Size of packet data only. Timestamp Loweruint. For first packet set to NULLTimestamp Upperuint. Extension to create a uint. Stream IDuint. 24_be. Liquid Market Definition | Investopedia www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidmarket.asp In a liquid market. The opposite of a liquid market is called a "thin market. Somente usuários com pelo menos 20 posts poderão criar tópicos nas áreas de Point Blank, Combat Arms, CrossFire e Warface. ![]()
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Transformez les standards de l’industrie : nous sommes une équipe innovatrice qui supporte des produits allant d’appareils pour la formation et en maintenance d’aéronefs, jusqu’aux simulateurs de vol complets ; tant pour les clients commerciaux que pour la défense. Nous prenons les prochains pas afin de fournir un expérience pratique pour les pilotes et pour les responsables de l’entretien en vue d’assurer la préparation au vol. Nous sommes motivés par nos employés : nous encourageons nos employés à rendre l’impossible, possible. Logistics & Maintenance Subject Matter Expert. Summary of Duties & Responsibilities. Provide Maintenance Data System (MDS) support to NAVSEA CNRMC, Code 230 IT. ASTM develops technical standards for industry worldwide. Job interviews can be challenging to navigate even without the added stress of trying to diplomatically field inappropriate, invasive, or downright illegal lines of. En vous joignant à notre équipe diversifiée, vous allez confronter de nouveaux défis et des opportunités qui correspondront à vos objectifs de carrière. Une entreprise mondiale en croissance : Avec des bureaux aux États- Unis et au Canada, nous sommes aussi en pleine expansion internationale pour continuer à supporter nos clients à l’échelle mondiale. Dans ce document, le genre masculin est utilisé comme générique, dans le seul but de ne pas alourdir le texte. Sommaire du poste. L’Adjoint Exécutif doit être très motivé, autonome et avoir l’esprit d’équipe. L’Adjoint Exécutif doit être capable de performer dans un environnement en pleine évolution. Il supportera les opérations quotidiennes et différents projets, incluant les voyages d’affaires nationaux et internationaux ainsi que les comptes dépenses. L’Adjoint Exécutif se rapporte au Directeur Général. Responsabilités: • Gère l’agenda du Directeur Général en planifiant et organisant les réunions, conférences et rendez- vous ; établit et maintient le calendrier des événements et maintient le Directeur informé de ses engagements.• Gère le temps de l’exécutif et fait la promotion de l’image corporative à l’interne et à l’externe ; assure le transfert d’informations entre l’exécutif, les autres dirigeants et employés.• Supporte l’équipe de direction de Montréal dans les activités quotidiennes en assurant entre autres la préparation de documents et présentations. Coordonne les voyages, les locations de voitures, l’hébergement à l’hôtel et les rapports des frais dépenses.• Aide à la planification des réunions départementales et des événements, prépare les présentations et analyses.• Prend en charge des projets spéciaux et tâches, notamment au niveau de l’engagement des employés et autres initiatives de l’entreprise• Reçoit et filtre les appels téléphoniques et courriels. Répond aux demandes de renseignements autant que possible et réfère les demandes restantes aux personnes appropriées au sein de l’entreprise afin de fournir des réponses appropriées.• Effectue toutes autres tâches connexes reliées à ce poste. Careers | GMNPOSITION PURPOSE: Perform a variety of moderately complex purchasing functions including the purchase of raw materials and unprocessed goods for processing; purchases machinery, equipment, tools, parts, and other supplies and services required by the organization.• Interview vendors for information concerning product, price, reliability/quality, and delivery date.• Collect data to certify vendors and/or suppliers• Provide input on performance of vendors for continued certified status.• Authority to determine conditional vendors requested by customers.• Researches material and equivalent pricing.• Works with Engineering and Sales to prepare bids.• Negotiates prices and terms with vendors to obtain satisfactory bids.• Obtains and reviews bids and proposals from vendors; selects a vendor according to company- established criteria and product- specific criteria.• Authorizes purchases.• Maintains all records pertaining to the history of each requisition on costs, delivery, product performance, and inventories.• Discusses any defects of purchased goods with Quality Control and takes corrective action. Porno (1) · babajana.ge&am (4) · www (15) · sityva da saqme (1) · babadulig (1) · ინტერნეტ მაღაზია (3) · rustavi2 (2) · filmebi. Jacob Taio Cruz (born Adetayo Ayowale Onile-Ere; 23 April), is an English singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer. In 2008, he released his debut album. Rokstarr is the second studio album by English recording artist Taio Cruz. It was released on 12 October 2009 in the United Kingdom. On 11 June 2010, a revised. Rokstarr - Wikipedia. Rokstarr. Studio album by Taio Cruz. Released. 12 October 2. Recorded. 20. 09. Genre. Dance- pop, R& B[1]Length. Label. Island, Mercury, Universal. Producer. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith, Dr. Luke, The Arcade, Alan English, Benny Blanco, Sandy Vee. Taio Cruz chronology. Singles from Rokstarr. ![]() Rokstarr is the second studio album by Englishrecording artist. Taio Cruz. It was released on 1. October 2. 00. 9 in the United Kingdom. On 1. 1 June 2. 01. Europe and the United States, appearing as Cruz's debut album there. On 2. 2 May 2. 01. Brazil, other South American countries and Europe.[2] The album debuted at number 1. UK Albums Chart and number eight on the U. S. Billboard 2. 00. Background[edit]Speaking to Pete Lewis of the Blues & Soul, Cruz explained the musical background behind the album: "This album shows quite a bit of scope. In that, while it's still got underlining hip hop, dance and R& B- type tones to it, it also has like rocky and indie rock elements. And lyrically, because essentially I come from a ballad place of listening to people like Boyz II Men and Babyface, many of the songs do tend to be about relationships in one way or another. But the difference this time is that, as well as the full- on love songs, I am having a little bit more FUN with it all!"[3]Critical reception[edit]The album has received generally mixed to positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 1. Mike Driver from BBC gave an extremely favorable review, saying that: "Rokstarr bounces to a beat that feels fresh and vibrant".[1. Ken Capobianco from The Boston Globe says that Rokstarr is "an agreeable, singles- going- steady kind of collection that should make for endless radio fodder."[1. The New York Times review states that "There are vapid lyrics to navigate ("Hit the floor 'cause that's my plans plans plans plans/I'm wearing all my favorite brands brands brands brands," on "Dynamite"), but they don't disrupt the mood, which is emphatic and rarely sensual: turns out Mr. Cruz has no off switch."[1. Entertainment Weekly opined that "The only song of equal caliber to "Break Your Heart" on his Stateside debut is the Ke$ha- assisted sexting number "Dirty Picture". The rest of the tracks are forgettable and include a cut for throwing hands in the air ("Dynamite") and one awkwardly placed effort to uplift ("I Can Be")."[1. The Rolling Stone review bluntly states "Cruz's singing lacks personality, and Rokstarr is ultimately a collection of decent, but generic, Eurodisco tracks without a star- -"rok" or otherwise—to hold a listener's interest."[1. NME confess that "Although Cruz's downfall comes when he acts the player ('Break Your Heart', 'Dirty Picture'), it's obvious his real talent comes when he exchanges vocal manipulation for balladeering as on 'Falling In Love', and disregards romantic cynicism for a rather hopeful 'The 1. Hour'."[2. 0] David Jeffres from Allmusic rated it 3 stars (out of 5) and concluded that: "The hooks are plentiful on Rokstarr and infectious as they come. Cruz is the Akon- meets- will. Xenomania package that radio and record labels have dreamed about. Sounds good, and the album does the whole way through, but lyrics are a sore point and when ballads appear to help round out the effort, just help emphasize how his words are trite. Still, when you let the clichés fade into the background this is a master class in what the mainstream wants for a soundtrack in 2. Commercial performance[edit]The album debuted at #8 on the Billboard 2. In its second week, the album made a huge tumble from number eight to #5. It later, dropped to #1. Singles[edit]"Take Me Back", although not officially a single from Rokstarr, was included on the album. The track, featuring Tinchy Stryder, was released as a single from his album, Catch 2. UK Singles Chart."Break Your Heart" was released as the first single from the album. It spent three weeks at the top of the UK Singles Chart.[2. For its release in America, it was remixed to feature American rapper Ludacris and peaked as number one on the U. S. Billboard Hot 1. No Other One" was the second single released from the album. It was met by mixed to negative reviews from critics. It failed to meet the expectations or success of the previous single. It was only released in the UK. It reached number 4. UK Singles Chart and number 1. UK R& B Chart."Dirty Picture", featuring American electropop singer Kesha, was announced as the album's third single. It was released in April 2. Australia, and in May 2. UK. It peaked at number six in the UK and number ten in Ireland. It reached number 1. Australia and number 1. New Zealand. The song debuted at number 9. U. S. Billboard Hot 1. U. S. release. It was sent to Top 4. Rhythmic radio as the third U. S. single on 2. 8 September 2. Dynamite" was released as the album's fourth single overall, and the first single from the revised version of the album. The song debuted at number 2. Billboard Hot 1. 00 before peaking at number two, becoming Cruz's second U. S. hit single. It also topped Australian ARIA Chart. It peaked at #1 on the UK Singles Chart."Higher" was released as the album's fifth single overall, and the second single from the revised version of the album. There are four versions of the song - a solo version by Cruz, a version featuring Travie Mc. Coy, a version featuring Kylie Minogue, and a version with both Mc. Coy and Minogue. The Mc. Coy version was released in the U. S, while the Minogue version was released in Europe and Australia, and the version with both was released in the UK. The Mc. Coy version was sent to U. S. radio on 3. 0 November 2. Telling the World" was released as the sixth overall single from the album, and the first single from the second revised version of the album. It was the lead single from the soundtrack to the animated film Rio, and peaked at #1. UK Singles Chart."Falling in Love" was released as the seventh overall single from the album, and the second single from the second revised edition of the album. It was only released as a single in some countries, including Spain. A music video was released on 1. February 2. 01. 1.[2. Track listing[edit]1."Break Your Heart"Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Dirty Picture" (featuring Ke$ha)Cruz, Smith. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. No Other One"Cruz, Smith. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Forever Love"Taio Cruz. Fraser T Smith. 4: 1. Take Me Back" (with Tinchy Stryder) (Version A^)Cruz. Fraser T. Smith. 3: 3. Best Girl"Cruz, The Arcade. Taio Cruz, The Arcade. I'll Never Love Again"Cruz. Taio Cruz. 3: 4. 98."Only You"Cruz, Smith. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Falling in Love"Cruz, Alan Kasirye. Taio Cruz, Alan Nglish. Keep Going"Taio Cruz. Sandy Vee, Taio Cruz. Feel Again"Cruz. Taio Cruz, Alan Nglish. The 1. 1th Hour"Cruz. Taio Cruz. 3: 3. 61. Falling in Love" (Acoustic Version)3: 1. Come On Girl" (Live from i. Tunes London Festival '0. I Can Be" (Live from i. Tunes London Festival '0. I Just Wanna Know" (Live from i. Tunes London Festival '0. Moving On" (Live from i. Tunes London Festival '0. She's Like a Star" (Live from i. Tunes London Festival '0. Dynamite"Taio Cruz, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin, Benjamin Levin, Bonnie Mc. Kee. Dr. Luke, Benny Blanco. Break Your Heart" (featuring Ludacris)Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith, Christopher Bridges. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Dirty Picture" (featuring Ke$ha)Cruz, Smith. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Take Me Back" (Version C^^)Kwasi Danquah, Smith, Cruz. Fraser T Smith. 3: 1. I'll Never Love Again"Taio Cruz. Taio Cruz. 3: 4. 96."I Can Be"Cruz. Taio Cruz. 3: 4. 77."No Other One"Cruz, Smith. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Come On Girl" (featuring Luciana)Cruz. Taio Cruz. 3: 3. 39."Falling in Love"Cruz, Alan Kasirye. Taio Cruz, Alan English. Higher"Cruz, Sandy Vee. Sandy Vee, Taio Cruz. Feel Again"Cruz. Taio Cruz, Alan English. Dynamite"Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin, Benjamin Levin, Bonnie Mc. Kee, Taio Cruz. Dr. Luke, Benny Blanco. Break Your Heart" (featuring Ludacris)Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith, Christopher Bridges. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Dirty Picture" (featuring Ke$ha)Cruz, Smith. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Take Me Back" (Version C^^)Kwasi Danquah, Smith, Cruz. Fraser T Smith. 3: 1. I'll Never Love Again"Taio Cruz. Taio Cruz. 3: 4. 96."I Can Be"Cruz. Taio Cruz. 3: 4. 77."No Other One"Cruz, Smith. Taio Cruz, Fraser T Smith. Come On Girl" (featuring Luciana)Cruz. Taio Cruz. 3: 3. 39."Falling in Love"Cruz, Alan Kasirye. Taio Cruz, Alan English. Higher" (featuring Kylie Minogue) 3: 0. Feel Again"Cruz. Taio Cruz, Alan English. Macintosh — Wikipédia Pour les articles ayant des titres homophones, voir Mc. Intosh et Mac. Un modèle d'i. Mac lancé en octobre 2. Macintosh (prononcé /makintɔʃ/) ou Mac est une série de différentes familles d'ordinateurs personnels conçus, développés, et vendus par Apple. Le premier Macintosh est lancé le 2. Il a été renommé Macintosh 1. ![]() K dès le lancement du Macintosh 5. K.) Il constitue le premier succès commercial pour un ordinateur utilisant une souris et une interface graphique (au lieu d'une interface en ligne de commande). Le Macintosh remplace l'Apple II comme principal produit d'Apple. Cependant les parts de marché d'Apple baissent, avant un renouveau des Macintosh en 1. Mac, qui permet à Apple d'échapper à une probable faillite et marque même un succès pour la firme. En 2. 01. 1, les Macintosh visent principalement les marchés des professions artistiques, de l'éducation et des particuliers, avec les modèles suivants : l'i. ![]() Mac (dans une version réactualisée) ; le Mac mini (un tout petit ordinateur familial ou de bureau d'entrée de gamme) ; le Mac Pro (une station de travail orientée vers l'usage professionnel) ; les ordinateurs portables Mac. Book Pro et Mac. Book Air ; et enfin le serveur. Xserve (abandonné en 2. Le principe de production des Mac repose sur un modèle d'intégration verticale : Apple se charge de la conception de ses machines et de certains de leurs composants et des logiciels de base en pré- installant son propre système d'exploitation sur tous les Mac. Ceci contraste avec la plupart des ordinateurs vendus avec des systèmes d'exploitation différents, pour lesquels plusieurs constructeurs se chargent de créer du matériel conçu pour utiliser le système d'exploitation d'une autre entreprise. Entre 1. 98. 4 et 1. Macintosh fonctionnaient avec des processeurs de la famille 6. Motorola, avant d'utiliser entre 1. Power. PC de l'Alliance AIM. Depuis 2. 00. 6, les Mac vendus utilisent des processeurs x. Intel. Pour faire fonctionner son ordinateur, Apple a développé une famille de systèmes d'exploitation spécifiques. Basés sur une interface utilisateur graphique, ils sont connus sous le nom de Système (versions de 1 à 7), avant de devenir Mac OS (7. Mac OS X, développé à partir de Ne. XTSTEP, rebaptisé OS X en 2. OS en 2. 01. 6. Sur les Macintosh à microprocesseur Intel, il est possible d'installer des systèmes d'exploitation comme Microsoft Windows, Linux, Free. BSD ou bien d'autres. Avec les processeurs Power. PC ou même 6. 8k, il était cependant déjà possible d'installer des systèmes d'exploitation UNIX tournant sous ces plates- formes matérielles. Le projet Macintosh débute à la fin des années 1. Jef Raskin, employé d'Apple depuis 1. Il présente son idée à Mike Markkula, l'un des trois fondateurs d'Apple Computer, en mars 1. Celui- ci lui donne son feu vert en septembre 1. Apple, projet qui porte le nom de Macintosh, du nom de la pomme préférée de Raskin, la Mc. Intosh. Il faut cependant modifier pour des raisons légales l'orthographe du nom, trop proche de Mc. ![]() Les meilleurs logiciels indispensables pour faire de la musique sur Windows, Mac et Linux. You’ve got problems, I’ve got advice. This advice isn’t sugar-coated—in fact, it’s sugar-free, and may even be a little bitter. Welcome to Tough Love. MacOS [2] (auparavant Mac OS X puis OS X [3], [4]) est un système d’exploitation partiellement propriétaire [5] développé et commercialisé par Apple depuis. Intosh Laboratory, constructeur de matériel Hi- Fi[1]. Raskin rassemble toutes les idées récoltées pour cet ordinateur dans un recueil qu'il nomme The Book of Macintosh(Le Livre du Macintosh)[2]. Raskin engage, sur recommandation de Bill Atkinson du projet Apple Lisa, Burrell Smith, qui, selon Atkinson, faisait un travail remarquable dans le département maintenance de l'Apple II[3]. Au fil des années, il rassemble une grande équipe spécialisée dans le développement du Macintosh et de ses logiciels. Aux côtés de Raskin et Smith, on retrouve Atkinson, Chris Espinosa, Joanna Hoffman, George Crow, Bruce Horn, Jerry Manock, Susan Kare, Andy Hertzfeld et Daniel Kottke. Raskin était contre l'utilisation de deux éléments qui se sont avérés décisifs pour le succès du Macintosh : le microprocesseur. Motorola 6. 80. 00 et la souris. Il voulait utiliser un microprocesseur Motorola 6. Raskin préférait des touches du clavier affectées au pointage[2]. Bud Tribble, à la tête de l'équipe des développeurs du Macintosh, intéressé par l'évolution que prenaient les programmes du Lisa, demande à Burrell Smith d'essayer d'incorporer le Motorola 6. Lisa dans le Macintosh tout en essayant de maintenir les coûts le plus bas possible. Smith relève ce défi en décembre 1. MHz) sa fréquence. Le circuit comporte moins de puces de mémoire vive, ce qui permet de le rendre moins onéreux. Le modèle final, sorti en 1. Kio de mémoire morte et 1. Kio de mémoire vive constituée de 1. Kb. L'écran de 9 pouces est monochrome et affiche 5. Fin 1. 98. 0, Michael Scott, CEO d'Apple Computer à l'époque, procède à une restructuration de l'entreprise. Steve Jobs est alors contraint de quitter le projet Lisa. Envoyé par Scott pour représenter l'entreprise à son introduction en bourse le 1. C'est alors qu'il se tourne vers le projet Macintosh de Jef Raskin. Il y voit une revanche à son exclusion du projet Lisa. Jobs et Raskin ont à plusieurs reprises été en conflit. La souris fut un des sujets de discorde : Raskin ne voulait pas de la souris, Jobs au contraire ne voyait pas le Macintosh sans souris. Steve Jobs sortit vainqueur de la confrontation, puisque la souris a bien fait son apparition chez Apple avec le Macintosh. Ces confrontations répétées et le grand ego des deux personnages ont mené au départ de Jef Raskin du projet Macintosh et d'Apple Computer, officiellement le 1er mars 1. Macintosh en janvier 1. Selon Andy Hertzfeld, le Macintosh 1. K, tel que le connaît le public aujourd'hui, n'a plus grand- chose à voir avec l'ordinateur qu'avait imaginé initialement Jef Raskin dans son Book of Macintosh[2]. Il affirme aussi dans Revolution in The Valley: The Insanely Great Story of How the Mac Was Made, co- écrit avec Steve Capps, que Steve Jobs souhaitait engager Jean- Michel Folon, pour créer un personnage représentatif de la marque, Mr. Macintosh[6]. Le logo « Picasso » du Macintosh pour son lancement. Le lancement du premier Macintosh est accompagné d'une vaste campagne de publicité. Sa présentation à la presse en octobre 1. Deux jours avant son lancement officiel, Apple fait diffuser le spot 1. Ridley Scott, au début du troisième quart temps, à la première coupure publicitaire après la mi- temps du Super Bowl XVIII. Ce spot dépeint un futur dystopique où le monde est dirigé par un Big Brother, monde inspiré par le roman 1. George Orwell. Une athlète inconnue, incarnant le Macintosh (illustré par la présence du logo « Picasso » du Macintosh), vient libérer à l'aide de son marteau le monde de sa conformité et de Big brother, représentant IBM. Lors de la présentation du spot en 1. Steve Jobs met en rapport le Big brother d'Orwell et la tentative d'IBM (selon Jobs) de dominer l'industrie informatique. Le Lisa 2 et le Macintosh sont lancés le 2. Pour mettre en valeur la nouvelle interface en attendant l'arrivée des premières applications tierces, ce dernier est livré avec les applications Mac. Paint et Mac. Write. Ce jour- là, Apple tient au Flint Center au De Anza College son assemblée générale des actionnaires. Steve Jobs y présente pour la première fois le Macintosh, et on y voit l'ordinateur dessiner sur son écran Macintosh, insanely great! Macintosh, follement génial »), ainsi que raconter une blague à l'aide de son synthétiseur vocal intégré[7]. Les réactions qui suivent le lancement du Macintosh sont globalement positives. Sa facilité d'utilisation, son interface graphique, son prix relativement bas sont appréciés. Pour John J. Anderson du magazine Creative Computing par exemple, le Macintosh représente une avancée importante autant du côté matériel que du côté logiciel. Cependant, la machine n'est pas sans défaut. Anderson, comme beaucoup d'autres, notent un manque de mémoire vive, d'évolutivité (pas de port d'extension par exemple). Comme la machine est incompatible avec les autres systèmes, peu de logiciels sont disponibles. En avril 1. 98. 4, Microsoft porte Multiplan de MS- DOS vers le Macintosh, suivi par Microsoft Word en janvier 1. La même année, Lotus Software lance Lotus Jazz après le succès de Lotus 1- 2- 3 sur l'IBM PC ; c'est cependant un échec[9]. De son côté, Apple lance Macintosh Office avec la publicité Lemmings diffusée lors de la Super Bowl XIX. Contrairement à 1. Apple fait évoluer son Macintosh en septembre 1. Les modèles initiaux, qui ne disposent que de 1. Kio de mémoire vive et renommés pour cette raison Macintosh 1. K, sont rejoints par les Macintosh 5. K équipés, comme leur nom l'indique, de 5. Kio de mémoire vive[1. De 1. 98. 5 à 1. 98. ![]() 000001159 - How to Reindex Vault on Windows. 000001575 - How to resolve "COM+ Activation failed" errors in web applications - MapXtreme.NET. 000001576 - How to.Why does NULL = NULL evaluate to false in SQL server. Here I will hopefully clarify my position. That NULL = NULL evaluate to FALSE is wrong. Hacker and Mister correctly answered NULL. Here is why. Dewayne Christensen wrote to me, in a comment to Scott Ivey: Since it's December, let's use a. I have two presents. Now, you tell me if I. They can be different or they can be equal, you don't know until one open both presents. Who knows? You invited two people that don't know each other and both have done to you the same gift - rare, but not impossible §. So the question: are these two UNKNOWN presents the same (equal, =)? The correct answer is: UNKNOWN (i. NULL). This example was intended to demonstrate that ".(false or null, depending on your system)." is a correct answer - it is not, only. NULL is correct in 3. ![]() VL (or is ok for you to accept a system which gives wrong answers?)A correct answer to this question must emphasize this two points: three- valued logic (3. VL) is counterintuitive (see countless other questions on this subject on Stackoverflow and in other forum to make sure); SQL- based DBMSes often do not respect even 3. VL, they give wrong answers sometimes (as, the original poster assert, SQL Server do in this case). So I reiterate: SQL does not any good forcing one to interpret the reflexive property of equality, which state that: for any x, x = x§§ (in plain English: whatever the universe of discourse, a "thing" is always equal to itself).. VL (TRUE, FALSE, NULL). The expectation of people would conform to 2. VL (TRUE, FALSE, which even in SQL is valid for all other values), i. TRUE, for any possible value of x - no exceptions. Note also that NULLs are valid " non- values " (as their apologists pretend them to be) which one can assign as attribute values(??) as part of relation variables. For most purposes, SQLite can be built just fine using the default compilation options. However, if required, the compile-time options documented below can be used to. Prerequisites. You must have the privileges necessary to issue the statement in which you are defining the constraint. To create a foreign key constraint, in addition. So they are acceptable values of every type (domain), not only of the type of logical expressions. And this was my point: NULL, as value, is a "strange beast". Without euphemism, I prefer to say: nonsense. I think that this formulation is much more clear and less debatable - sorry for my poor English proficiency. This is only one of the problems of NULLs. Better to avoid them entirely, when possible.§ we are concerned about values here, so the fact that the two presents are always two different physical objects are not a valid objection; if you are not convinced I'm sorry, it is not this the place to explain the difference between value and "object" semantics (Relational Algebra has value semantics from the start - see Codd's information principle; I think that some SQL DBMS implementors don't even care about a common semantics).§§ to my knowledge, this is an axiom accepted (in a form or another, but always interpreted in a 2. VL) since antiquity and that exactly because is so intuitive. VLs (is a family of logics in reality) is a much more recent development (but I'm not sure when was first developed). Side note: if someone will introduce Bottom, Unit and Option Types as attempts to justify SQL NULLs, I will be convinced only after a quite detailed examination that will shows of how SQL implementations with NULLs have a sound type system and will clarify, finally, what NULLs (these "values- not- quite- values") really are. In what follow I will quote some authors. Any error or omission is. Joe Celko on SQL NULLs. I see Joe Celko often cited on this forum. Apparently he is a much respected author here. So, I said to myself: "what does he wrote about SQL NULLs? How does he explain NULLs numerous problems?". One of my friend has an ebook version of Joe Celko's SQL for smarties: advanced SQL programming, 3rd edition. Let's see. First, the table of contents. The thing that strikes me most is the number of times that NULL is mentioned and in the most varied contexts: 3. Arithmetic and NULLs 1. Converting Values to and from NULL 1. NULLIF() Function 1. NULLs: Missing Data in SQL 1. Comparing NULLs 1. NULLs and Logic 1. NULLS in Subquery Predicates 1. Standard SQL Solutions 1. Math and NULLs 1. Functions and NULLs 1. NULLs and Host Languages 1. Design Advice for NULLs 1. Avoiding NULLs from the Host Programs 1. A Note on Multiple NULL Values 1. IS NULL Predicate 2. Sources of NULLs 2. It rings "nasty special case" to me. I will go into some of these cases with excerpts from this book, trying to limit myself to the essential, for copyright reasons. I think these quotes fall within "fair use" doctrine and they can even stimulate to buy the book - so I hope that no one will complain (otherwise I will need to delete most of it, if not all). Furthermore, I shall refrain from reporting code snippets for the same reason. Sorry about that. Buy the book to read about datailed reasoning. Page numbers between parenthesis in what follow. NOT NULL Constraint (1. The most important column constraint is the NOT NULL, which forbids. NULLs in a column. Use this constraint routinely, and remove. It will help you avoid the. NULL values when you make queries against the data. It is not a value; it is a marker that holds a place where a value might go. Again this "value but not quite a value" nonsense. The rest seems quite sensible to me.(1. In short, NULLs cause a lot of irregular features in SQL, which we will discuss. Your best bet is just to memorize the situations and the rules for NULLs. Apropos of SQL, NULLs and infinite: (1. CHAPTER 3: NUMERIC DATA IN SQLSQL has not accepted the IEEE model for mathematics for several reasons.. If the IEEE rules for math were allowed in. SQL, then we would need type conversion rules for infinite and a way to. People. have enough trouble with NULLs, so let’s not go there. SQL implementations undecided on what NULL really means in particular contexts: 3. Exponential Functions (1. The problem is that logarithms are undefined when (x < = 0). Some SQL. implementations return an error message, some return a NULL and DB2/. NEGINF (short for “negative infinity”). Joe Celko quoting David Mc. Goveran and C. J. Date: 6 NULLs: Missing Data in SQL (1. In their book A Guide to Sybase and SQL Server, David Mc. Goveran. and C. J. Date said: “It is this writer’s opinion than NULLs, at least as. SQL, are far more trouble than. Please note that these comments and criticisms apply to any system. SQL- style NULLs, not just to SQL Server specifically.)”NULLs as a drug addiction: (1. In the rest of this book, I will be urging you not to use. Think of a NULL. as a drug; use it properly and it works for you, but abuse it and it can ruin. Your best policy is to avoid NULLs when you can and use. My unique objection here is to "use them properly", which interacts badly with. NULLS in Subquery Predicates (1. People forget that a subquery often hides a comparison with a NULL. Consider these two tables.. The result will be empty. This is counterintuitive, but correct.(separator)6. Standard SQL Solutions (1. SQL- 9. 2 solved some of the 3. VL (three- valued logic) problems by adding. IS [NOT] TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWNBut UNKNOWN is a source of problems in itself, so that C. J. Date. in his book cited below, reccomends in chapter 4. Avoiding Nulls in SQL: Don't use the keyword UNKNOWN in any context whatsoever. Read "ASIDE" on UNKNOWN, also linked below. NULLs and Host Languages (1. However, you should know how NULLs are handled when they have. No standard host language for. NULLs, which is another. Design Advice for NULLs (1. It is a good idea to declare all your base tables with NOT NULL. NULLs confuse people. SQL, and NULLs are expensive. Objection: NULLs confuses even people that know SQL well. NULLs should be avoided in FOREIGN KEYs. SQL allows this “benefit. For example, given a part number code in. Inventory that is referenced as a FOREIGN KEY by an Orders table, you. NULL. This is. a mandatory relationship; you cannot order a part that does not exist.(separator)6. Avoiding NULLs from the Host Programs (1. You can avoid putting NULLs into the database from the Host Programs. Determine impact of missing data on programming and reporting. Numeric columns with NULLs are a problem, because queries. The SUM() of an empty set is always NULL. One of the most common. If you did not think about it, you might. Sources of NULLs (2. It is important to remember where NULLs can occur. They are more than. Aggregate functions on empty sets. OUTER JOINs, arithmetic expressions with NULLs, and OLAP operators. NULLs. These constructs often show up as columns in. VIEWs.(separator)(3. Another problem with NULLs is found when you attempt to convert. IN predicates to EXISTS predicates.(separator)1. Creating and Managing Schema Objects. To ensure that the data in your tables satisfies the business rules that your application models, you can use constraints, application logic, or both. Constraints restrict the values that columns can have. Trying to change the data in a way that violates a constraint causes an error and rolls back the change. Trying to add a constraint to a populated table causes an error if existing data violates the constraint. Constraints can be enabled and disabled. By default, they are created in the enabled state. About Constraint Types. The constraint types are: Not Null, which prevents a value from being null. In the EMPLOYEES table, the column LAST_NAME has the NOTNULL constraint, which enforces the business rule that every employee must have a last name. Unique, which prevents multiple rows from having the same value in the same column or combination of columns, but allows some values to be null. In the EMPLOYEES table, the column EMAIL has the UNIQUE constraint, which enforces the business rule that an employee can have no email address, but cannot have the same email address as another employee. Primary Key, which is a combination of NOTNULL and UNIQUEIn the EMPLOYEES table, the column EMPLOYEE_ID has the PRIMARYKEY constraint, which enforces the business rule that every employee must have a unique employee identification number. Foreign Key, which requires values in one table to match values in another table. In the EMPLOYEES table, the column JOB_ID has a FOREIGNKEY constraint that references the JOBS table, which enforces the business rule that an employee cannot have a JOB_ID that is not in the JOBS table. Check, which requires that a value satisfy a specified condition. The EMPLOYEES table does not have CHECK constraints. However, suppose that EMPLOYEES needs a new column, EMPLOYEE_AGE, and that every employee must be at least 1. The constraint CHECK(EMPLOYEE_AGE> =1. Tip. Use check constraints only when other constraint types cannot provide the necessary checking. REF, which further describes the relationship between a REF column and the object that it references. A REF column references an object in another object type or in a relational table. For information about REF constraints, see Oracle Database Concepts. Tutorial: Adding Constraints to Existing Tables. To add constraints to existing tables, use either SQL Developer tools or the DDL statement ALTERTABLE. This section shows how to use both of these ways to add constraints to the tables created in "Creating Tables". This tutorial has several procedures. The first procedure uses the Edit Table tool to add a Not Null constraint to the NAMES column of the PERFORMANCE_PARTS table. The remaining procedures show how to use other tools to add constraints; however, you could add the same constraints using the Edit Table tool. To add a Not Null constraint using the Edit Table tool: In the Connections frame, expand hr_conn. In the list of schema object types, expand Tables. In the list of tables, right- click PERFORMANCE_PARTS. In the list of choices, click Edit. In the Edit Table window, click the column NAME. Select the property Not Null. Click OK. The Not Null constraint is added to the NAME column of the PERFORMANCE_PARTS table. The following procedure uses the ALTERTABLE statement to add a Not Null constraint to the WEIGHT column of the PERFORMANCE_PARTS table. To add a Not Null constraint using the ALTER TABLE statement: If a pane with the tab hr_conn is there, select it. Otherwise, click the icon SQL Worksheet, as in "Running Queries in SQL Developer". In the Worksheet pane, type this statement. ALTER TABLE PERFORMANCE_PARTS. MODIFY WEIGHT NOT NULL. Click the icon Run Statement. The statement runs, adding the Not Null constraint to the WEIGHT column of the PERFORMANCE_PARTS table. The following procedure uses the Add Unique tool to add a Unique constraint to the SCORES table. To add a Unique constraint using the Add Unique tool: In the Connections frame, expand hr_conn. In the list of schema object types, expand Tables. In the list of tables, right- click SCORES. In the list of choices, select Constraint. In the list of choices, click Add Unique. In the Add Unique window: For Constraint Name, enter SCORES_EVAL_PERF_UNIQUE. For Column 1, select EVALUATION_ID from the menu. For Column 2, select PERFORMANCE_ID from the menu. Click Apply. In the Confirmation window, click OK. A unique constraint named SCORES_EVAL_PERF_UNIQUE is added to the SCORES table. The following procedure uses the Add Primary Key tool to add a Primary Key constraint to the PERFORMANCE_ID column of the PERFORMANCE_PARTS table. To add a Primary Key constraint using the Add Primary Key tool: In the Connections frame, expand hr_conn. In the list of schema object types, expand Tables. In the list of tables, right- click PERFORMANCE_PARTS. In the list of choices, select Constraint. In the list of choices, click Add Primary Key. In the Add Primary Key window: For Primary Key Name, enter PERF_PERF_ID_PK. For Column 1, select PERFORMANCE_ID from the menu. Click Apply. In the Confirmation window, click OK. A primary key constraint named PERF_PERF_ID_PK is added to the PERFORMANCE_ID column of the PERFORMANCE_PARTS table. The following procedure uses the ALTERTABLE statement to add a Primary Key constraint to the EVALUATION_ID column of the EVALUATIONS table. To add a Primary Key constraint using the ALTER TABLE statement: If a pane with the tab hr_conn is there, select it. Otherwise, click the icon SQL Worksheet, as in "Running Queries in SQL Developer". In the Worksheet pane, type this statement. ALTER TABLE EVALUATIONS. ADD CONSTRAINT EVAL_EVAL_ID_PK PRIMARY KEY (EVALUATION_ID). Click the icon Run Statement. The statement runs, adding the Primary Key constraint to the EVALUATION_ID column of the EVALUATIONS table. The following procedure uses the Add Foreign Key tool to add two Foreign Key constraints to the SCORES table. To add two Foreign Key constraints using the Add Foreign Key tool: In the Connections frame, expand hr_conn. In the list of schema object types, expand Tables. In the list of tables, right- click SCORES. In the list of choices, select Constraint. In the list of choices, click Add Foreign Key. In the Add Foreign Key window: For Constraint Name, enter SCORES_EVAL_FK. For Column Name, select EVALUATION_ID from the menu. For References Table Name, select EVALUATIONS from the menu. For Referencing Column, select EVALUATION_ID from the menu. Click Apply. In the Confirmation window, click OK. A foreign key constraint named SCORES_EVAL_FK is added to the EVALUTION_ID column of the SCORES table, referencing the EVALUTION_ID column of the EVALUATIONS table. The following steps add another foreign key constraint to the SCORES table. In the list of tables, right- click SCORES. In the list of tables, select Constraint. In the list of choices, click Add Foreign Key. The Add Foreign Key window opens. In the Add Foreign Key window: For Constraint Name, enter SCORES_PERF_FK. For Column Name, select PERFORMANCE_ID from the menu. For Reference Table Name, select PERFORMANCE_PARTS from the menu. For Referencing Column, select PERFORMANCE_ID from the menu. Click Apply. In the Confirmation window, click OK. A foreign key constraint named SCORES_PERF_FK is added to the EVALUTION_ID column of the SCORES table, referencing the EVALUTION_ID column of the EVALUATIONS table. The following procedure uses the ALTERTABLE statement to add a Foreign Key constraint to the EMPLOYEE_ID column of the EVALUATIONS table, referencing the EMPLOYEE_ID column of the EMPLOYEES table. To add a Foreign Key constraint using the ALTER TABLE statement: If a pane with the tab hr_conn is there, select it. Otherwise, click the icon SQL Worksheet, as in "Running Queries in SQL Developer". In the Worksheet pane, type this statement. ALTER TABLE EVALUATIONS. ADD CONSTRAINT EVAL_EMP_ID_FK FOREIGN KEY (EMPLOYEE_ID). REFERENCES EMPLOYEES (EMPLOYEE_ID). Click the icon Run Statement. The statement runs, adding the Foreign Key constraint to the EMPLOYEE_ID column of the EVALUATIONS table, referencing the EMPLOYEE_ID column of the EMPLOYEES table. The following procedure uses the Add Check tool to add a Check constraint to the SCORES table. To add a Check constraint using the Add Check tool: In the Connections frame, expand hr_conn. In the list of schema object types, expand Tables. In the list of tables, right- click SCORES. In the list of choices, select Constraint. In the list of choices, click Add Check. This is a song about colors, colors You see them all around. There is red on the stop sign, Green on a tree, Blue in the sky and sea. This a song about colors. The #1 music site. All songs are in the MP3 format and can be played on any computer or on any MP3 Player. Learn how to download music. mp3. · Color + Music = Ken Nordine. Jul. became something so popular that is used around all the world to make memories and. ![]() ![]() AllMusic provides comprehensive music info including reviews and. Give More Love. Ringo teams with the All-Starr Band for another collection of. Color Word Songs. by Frog., red. R-E-D, red. I can spell red. I can spell red. Fire trucks are red, Stop signs. THERE IS A COLOR WE ALL KNOW. All New Releases Filter By. Cherry Red / Goth Collector's Series. Love From Above: Goshen Music Group Ltd. Explore RED's modular camera system and. music videos, and commercials shot on RED cameras. REDCODE ®, REDMOTE ® and all other trademarks. Symbolism of Color: Using Color for Meaning. What do Colors Symbolize? Colors hold significance for people around the world. Not only do colors influence emotion, but they also hold meaning in religion and various cultures. On this page you will get answers to questions like, "What does the color red symbolize?" This question is answered differently depending on where you are located in the world. If you don't see what you are looking for on this page, please put your questions in the comments section at the bottom of this page. Western world: Traffic lights: Red means stop, yellow means caution, and green means go. Yellow signs also warn drivers of upcoming curves, pedestrian crossings, and animal crossings. Patriotism: Most, if not all countries have a flag. The colors of each flag are usually seen as patriotic. Red, white, and blue symbolizes patriotism in the U. S. A. Holidays: Red and green are favorite Christmas colours. Colors of Autumn such as orange, brown, yellow and red are associated with Thanksgiving with black and orange associated with Halloween. Pastel colors are used for Easter. Because flowers are a common gift for Mother's Day, colors such as yellow, pink, and red are used frequently. Color Symbolism Chart. Red: Excitement, energy, passion, love, desire, speed, strength, power, heat, aggression, danger, fire, blood, war, violence, all things intense and passionate, sincerity, happiness (Only in Japan) Pink symbolizes love and romance, caring, tenderness, acceptance and calm. Beige and ivory symbolize unification. Ivory symbolizes quiet and pleasantness. Beige symbolizes calm and simplicity. Yellow signifies joy, happiness, betrayal, optimism, idealism, imagination, hope, sunshine, summer, gold, philosophy, dishonesty, cowardice, jealousy, covetousness, deceit, illness, hazard and friendship. Dark Blue: Symbolizes integrity, knowledge, power, and seriousness. Blue: Peace, tranquility, cold, calm, stability, harmony, unity, trust, truth, confidence, conservatism, security, cleanliness, order, loyalty, sky, water, technology, depression, appetite suppressant. Turquoise symbolizes calm. Teal symbolizes sophistication. Aquamarine symbolizes water. Lighter turquoise has a feminine appeal. Purple: Royalty, nobility, spirituality, ceremony, mysterious, transformation, wisdom, enlightenment, cruelty, honor, arrogance, mourning, temperance. Lavender symbolizes femininity, grace and elegance. Orange: Energy, balance, enthusiasm, warmth, vibrant, expansive, flamboyant, demanding of attention. Green: Nature, environment, healthy, good luck, renewal, youth, spring, generosity, fertility, jealousy, service, inexperience, envy, misfortune, vigor. Brown: Earth, stability, hearth, home, outdoors, reliability, comfort, endurance, simplicity, and comfort. Gray: Security, reliability, intelligence, staid, modesty, dignity, maturity, solid, conservative, practical, old age, sadness, boring. Silver symbolizes calm. White: Reverence, purity, birth, simplicity, cleanliness, peace, humility, precision, innocence, youth, winter, snow, good, sterility, marriage (Western cultures), death (Eastern cultures), cold, clinical. Black: Power, sexuality, sophistication, formality, elegance, wealth, mystery, fear, evil, unhappiness, depth, style, sadness, remorse, anger, anonymity, underground, good technical color, mourning, death (Western cultures), austerity, detachment. Eastern World: Marriage: White and pink are favorite just as in the western world. Green: Eternity, family, harmony, health, peace, posterity. Happiness: Red. Helpful: Gray. Wealth: Blue, gold and purple. White: Children, helpful people, marriage,mourning, peace, purity, travel. Gold: Strength, wealth. Evil or sadness- Just like in the western world- black. Emotions: Blue is seen as conservative. Red is power and aggression. Brighter colors such as yellow and orange represent warmth not only with emotions but also with temperature. Cool colors are blue, green, black or any color with a dark shade. When someone is feeling down or depressed, it is said they are feeling "blue." When someone is angry they "see red." When someone is seen to be afraid or "chicken" they are called "yellow."Ecology: Obviously green is the major color symbolizing ecology. The new phrase for people or companies who find ways to cut back on electricity, fuel, or things that damage the environment is "going green."Phrases: When something is seen as opposite, extreme, or a firm position, it is said to be "black or white." When something is not clear or not in a firm position, it is said to be a "gray area." The blues describe a form of music. Religion: Colours are also used in religious ceremonies or represent aspects of religion. Native Americans include colors in religious ceremonies. The Navajo Nation considers four colors to be important: Turquoise, white, yellow, and black. These colors represent four sacred mountains. The Apache Nation also considers four colors to be important: Green, white, yellow and black. These are sacred colors of the white mountain and are also used in government. The Iowa Nation also considers four colors to be sacred: Black, yellow, red and white. They represent direction, their flag, and what they consider to be four races of man. In Tibetan Buddhism, blue is the color of Vairochana, a celestial Buddha, whose image is the immensity of sky blue. Buddhist monks wear orange (specifically the color saffron) robes primarily due to tradition. That was the least expensive color dye at the time and that is what they continued to wear. The robes themselves symbolize "simplicity and detachment of materialism." [3]Green is the traditional color of Islam. The Islamic flag is green. Green is also mentioned in the Quran as the color of garments, cushions and carpets in paradise. In Hinduism, saffron is their most sacred color. Saffron represents fire that burns our impurities. Yellow represents knowledge and learning. The color green of the Maharashtra represents life and happiness. The color blue is like infinity like the vastness of the oceans and sky. In Christianity, the color red symbolizes the blood of Jesus Christ and of sacrifice. White represents the body of Christ. Black represents sin in Catholic liturgy. Gray is the color of ash and this represents repentance in Catholicism. Purple is the liturgical color for the seasons of Advent and Lent. Heaven is described as having a lot of gold in buildings and streets. White and silver are used in liturgy during Christmas and Easter. The Bible says that many in the Middle East and Rome valued colored gems and jewelry. Red and white coral was used for beads and ornaments. Red rubies and light blue turquoise were given as gifts. Ezekiel 2. 7: 1. 6)Use in Medicine and Therapy: Colors are sometimes used in therapy (Also called Chromotherapy). Colors have a huge effect on people who have brain disorders or who are emotionally troubled. The color blue has a calming effect on many people and lowers respiration and blood pressure. Red has the opposite effect. Some therapists use green to sooth and relax emotionally disturbed people who suffer from anxiety or depression. Some claim that the color violet is good for migraines and in "cases of cellulitis caused by a poor elimination, heaviness or sluggishness after eating, disorders of the spleen, bladder and kidney." [7] Yellow helps energize people and relieves depression. Color in World Culture. Color means many different things to different people and cultures. We all have our own favorite colors. People like different colors like they like different foods. Color also represents feelings, people, countries, cultures, and color symbolism. In the western world, the color red is seen frequently of symbolizing anger or aggression. Some car insurance companies charge more for red cars because some of the owners of red cars are more aggressive or take more risks. Books about Color.
A Primer for the Interventional Radiologist. Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. ![]() The clinical practice guidelines of the Society of Interventional Radiology attempt to define practice principles that generally should assist in producing high. Address for correspondence Charles E. Ray, Jr., MD, Ph. D, FSIR Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1. West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 6. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract. Paracentesis- induced circulatory dysfunction is a complication of large volume paracentesis that leads to faster reaccumulation of ascites, hyponatremia, renal impairment, and shorter survival. Knowledge of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention of this condition is vital to the interventional radiologist as a valued team member in the treatment of ascites. Keywords: paracentesis, ascites, complication, circulatory dysfunction. Liver cirrhosis is the most common condition resulting in ascites, and ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis. Ascites is associated with decreased quality of life, increased risk of infection, renal impairment, and overall decreased survival. Patients with massive ascites frequently present with abdominal discomfort, shortness of breath, decreased appetite, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and abdominal wall hernias. In addition to dietary management (e. The goal of paracentesis should be to provide symptomatic relief that lasts as long as possible while at the same time preventing complications such as paracentesis- induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD). PICD was first described by Ginsèt al. L) and result in faster reaccumulation of ascites, hyponatremia, renal impairment, and shorter survival. The incidence of PICD approaches 8. Knowledge of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention of PICD will assist the interventional radiologist in the proper clinical management of patients with massive and refractory ascites. Pathophysiology. The exact pathophysiology of PICD is not entirely understood. PICD was initially thought to occur secondary to fluid shifting after paracentesis, resulting in decreased circulating volume. Although, simple fluid shifting may be contributory, additional studies demonstrated that decreased systemic vascular resistance also plays an essential role in PICD. One of the causes of decreased systemic vascular resistance is believed to result from increased nitric oxide synthesis secondary to shear stress caused by increased cardiac output postparacentesis. Increased cardiac output is also believed to lead to a reflex mechanism of decreased systemic vascular resistance, possibly through short- term downregulation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin release secondary to cardiac volume receptor activation. Decreased intra- abdominal pressure is another possible contributing factor to the decreased systemic vascular resistance. The resulting effective hypovolemia due to arteriolar vasodilation in turn leads to a prolonged activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin- angiotensin- aldosterone pathway. Increased plasma renin activity in particular is characteristic of PICD, however general hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictors in the setting of cirrhosis decreases the ability to compensate for the accentuated vasodilation. Patients who are unable to fully compensate for the systemic vasodilation are more likely to develop PICD9; the homeostatic effects of PICD can last for months. Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis. Although considered a clinically silent syndrome, PICD is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with massive ascites treated with large- volume paracentesis. Patients with PICD reaccumulate ascites and experience a return of symptoms (e. In addition, patients are more likely to develop hepatorenal syndrome and hyponatremia and have an overall decreased survival as compared with patients who do not develop PICD. PICD is definitively diagnosed through laboratory results, with increases of more than 5. L/h on the 5th to 6th days after paracentesis. Prevention/Treatment of PICDMany authors believe that methods to prevent PICD should routinely be employed given the potential adverse consequences. One of the simplest ways to prevent PICD is to limit the volume of fluid removed to 5 to 6 L at a time. Reducing the flow rate of fluid removed during the paracentesis is also theorized to decrease the incidence of PICD. However, preventative treatment of PICD largely centers on the use of plasma volume expanders postparacentesis. Albumin, saline, dextran- 7. L. 1. 61. 9 One recent meta- analysis concluded that albumin was superior to other volume expanders and alternative treatments in decreasing the risk of PICD, hyponatremia, and mortality. A separate recent meta- analysis demonstrated the benefit of albumin administration in decreasing the incidence of PICD after paracentesis as well as morbidity and mortality in patients with any type of infection. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines state that it is reasonable but not mandatory to give 6 to 8 g of albumin per liter of ascites removed when more than 5 L are removed. A concern with the administration of albumin is the added cost as well as the small infectious risk. A recent small study demonstrated no difference in PICD, hyponatremia, renal impairment, rate of ascites recurrence, and 6- month survival in patients receiving standard versus half albumin doses. Vasoconstrictor use is another developing strategy in preventing PICD. Terlipressin, a vasopressin analogue, has been shown in two early pilot studies to be as effective as albumin in reducing PICD2. Data regarding other vasoconstrictors are less convincing. Conflicting reports have been published on midodrine, an α- adrenoreceptor agonist, regarding its ability to prevent PICD. Recent data regarding satavaptan, a vasopressin II receptor antagonist, suggests that there is no significant benefit in preventing the worsening or recurrence of ascites with its use and that there may be a slight increased risk of mortality when using satavaptan in the setting of cirrhosis. Nonselective β- blockers, such as propranolol, have widely been the cornerstone of medical management in cirrhosis, but recent studies suggest an increased risk of PICD and mortality in patients with refractory ascites,2. Conclusion. PICD occurs as a complication of large volume paracentesis. PICD largely results from accentuated arteriolar vasodilation and decreased systemic vasodilation that result in compensatory increases in sympathetic nervous system activity and renin release. PICD is a clinically silent syndrome but is associated with faster reaccumulation of ascites, hyponatremia, renal impairment, and shorter survival. Albumin administration when paracentesis volume removal exceeds 5 L has been shown to decrease the incidence PICD, hyponatremia, and mortality in patients with cirrhosis undergoing large- volume paracentesis. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines states that treating with 6 to 8 g of albumin per liter of ascites removed (when more than 5 L of ascites are removed) is reasonable but not mandatory. Some recent data regarding vasoconstrictor use in preventing PICD suggest some benefit for terlipressin, are inconclusive for midodrine, and suggest no significant benefit (and a possible increased risk of mortality) with satavaptan. Knowledge of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention of PICD is vital to the interventional radiologist as a valued team member in the treatment of ascites. References. 1. Ginès P, Cárdenas A, Arroyo V, Rodés J. Management of cirrhosis and ascites. N Engl J Med. 2. 00. Pub. Med]2. Ginés P, Quintero E, Arroyo V. Compensated cirrhosis: natural history and prognostic factors. Hepatology. 1. 98. Pub. Med]3. Planas R, Montoliu S, Ballesté B. Natural history of patients hospitalized for management of cirrhotic ascites. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Pub. Med]4. Hsu S J, Huang H C. Management of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis: recent evidence and controversies. J Chin Med Assoc. Pub. Med]5. Kuiper J J, de Man R A, van Buuren H R. Review article: Management of ascites and associated complications in patients with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Pub. Med]6. Ginès P, Titó L, Arroyo V. An error occurred while setting your user cookie. Please set your. browser to accept cookies to continue. NEJM. org uses cookies to improve performance by remembering your. ID when you navigate from page to page. This cookie stores just a. ID; no other information is captured. Accepting the NEJM cookie is. |
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